Rabu, 01 Desember 2010
PAGE 5
Taylor Swift
| Taylor Swift | ||
|---|---|---|
Swift saat menghadiri acara peluncuran perdana film Hannah Montana: The Movie pada April, 2009 | ||
| Biodata | ||
| Nama lahir | Taylor Alison Swift | |
| Lahir | 13 Desember 1989 (umur 20) | |
| Genre | Country[1] Pop[2] | |
| Pekerjaan | Penyanyi Penulis lagu Gitaris Aktris | |
| Instrumen | Vokal Gitar Piano[3] Ukulele[4] | |
| Tahun aktif | 2006–sekarang | |
| Label | Big Machine Records | |
| Associated acts | Selena Gomez Miley Cyrus John Mayer Boys Like Girls | |
| Situsweb | www.taylorswift.com | |
Dia merilis lagu pertamanya yang berjudul "Tim McGraw", dari album pertamanya yang juga berjudul Taylor Swift, yang telah menjadi multi-platinum dan disertifikasi 5x Platinum di US. Pada tanggal 11 November 2008, ia merilis album keduanya yang berjudul Fearless, yang penjualannya meroket, dan telah disertifikasi 7x Platinum dari RIAA. Fearless pun menduduki posisi pertama Billboard 200 untuk 11 minggu, adalah minggu terbanyak dibandingkan dengan album-album lainnya dekade ini. Fearless pun menjadi album dengan penjualan terbaik selama tahun 2009, dengan 3,2 juta kopi terjual pada tahun 2009. Album keduanya, Fearless, memenangkan penghargaan 2010 Grammy Awards untuk penghargaan tertingginya, Album of the Year. Swift menjadi pemenang Album of the Year dari Grammy Awards yang termuda, memenangkan penghargaan bergengsi tersebut pada umur 20 tahun, menggulingkan Alanis Morissette yang memenangkan Album of the Year untuk albumnya Jagged Little Pill pada umur 21 tahun.
Pada tahun 2008, kedua albumnya (Taylor Swift dan Fearless) telah terjual dengan kombinasi sebanyak lima juta kopi, dan merupakan tertinggi untuk seluruh artis pada tahun 2008 di US. Di Januari 2010, Nielsen Soundscan mengumumkan bahwa Swift adalah "Top-Selling Digital Music Artist in History" atau artis dengan penjualan musik digital terbesar, sebanyak 24,9 juta hanya dalam bentuk digital. . Sejauh ini, ia sudah menjual rekaman sebanyak 15 juta kopi diseluruh dunia. Ia telah membintangi sejumlah serial TV dan menjadi model beberapa video klip, serta menjadi cameo dibeberapa film. Ia memulai debut karier aktingnya difilm Valentine's Day dengan peran Felicia. Album ketiganya yang berjudul Speak Now, mendapatkan review yang sangat positif dari para kritikus dan terjual lebih dari satu juta kopi dalam minggu pertamanya, 1,047,000 kopi, menjadikan Speak Now album wanita dengan penjualan tertinggi sejak Britney Spears ditahun 2000 dengan album Oops!... I Did It Again dengan penjualan 1,320,000 kopi.
Daftar isi[sembunyikan] |
Karier Bermusik
2006–2008: Taylor Swift
Swift pertama kali merilis singel pertamanya, "Tim McGraw", dan berhasil meraih peringkat 6 di Billboard Hot Country Song dan peringkat 40 di Billboard Hot 100. Lalu ia merilis album perdananya, Taylor Swift, yang langsung terdaftar pada peringkat 19 di Billboard 200. Lalu, setelah perilisan singel "Teardrops on My Guitar", penjualan albumnya mulai meninggi dan akhirnya mencapai posisi puncak Billboard Hot Country Albums dan peringkat 5 di Billboard 200. Album tersebut bertahan diposisi puncak untuk 24 minggu tidak berurutan. Album lain yang memiliki minggu dipuncak Billboard Hot Country Albums diatas 20 minggu pada dekade 2000-an hanya Dixie Chicks dan Carrie Underwood. Setelah Januari 2010, Taylor Swift telah terjual 4,6 juta kopi dan 9 juta download singel.Singel kedua dari album perdananya, "Teardrops on My Guitar" mampu mencapai kesuksesan lebih tinggi dari "Tim McGraw", menduduki posisi 2 di Billboard Hot Country Song dan posisi 13 di Billboard Hot 100, lagu Swift pertama yang menduduki posisi Top 20 di Billboard Hot 100. Singel ketiganya, "Our Song", berhasil mendapatkan kesuksesan lebih tinggi lagi dari "Teardrops on My Guitar", berhasil menduduki posisi puncak Billboard Hot Country Song, singel pertamanya yang berhasil melakukannya dan berada diposisi puncak untuk 6 minggu, juga salah satu rekor terlama untuk seorang penyanyi wanita. Lagu tersebut juga berhasil menduduki posisi 16 di Billboard Hot 100, menjadikannya lagu Swift kedua yang menduduki posisi Top 20 di chart tersebut.
Singel ketiganya yang berjudul "Picture to Burn" belum berhasil mencapai kesuksesan seperti "Our Song", namun masih lumayan sukses karena menduduki posisi 3 di Billboard Hot Country Song dan posisi 29 di Billboard Hot 100. Setelah meriis ulang album perdananya menjadi Taylor Swift: Deluxe Edition, dan menambahkan sebuah singel lagi, "Should've Said No". Meskipun mendapatkan rating yang kurang bagus, singel tersebut mampu menduduki posisi puncak Billboard Hot Country Song untuk 2 minggu dan posisi 33 di Billboard Hot 100. Sampai akhir 2008, Taylor Swift telah terjual sebanyak 3 juta kopi di US. Ia pun sempat meraih nominasi Grammy Award untuk Best New Artist, tapi lolos ke Amy Winehouse.
2008–2009: Fearless
Swift merilis album keduanya, Fearless pada November 2008 dan langsung sangat sukses. Pada awal pembukaannya, album tersebut terjual sebanyak 592,300 kopi, merupakan jumlah terbanyak untuk seluruh artis wanita pada tahun 2008. Hanya dalam dua bulan, album tersebut sukses terjual 2,2 juta kopi. Album tersebut juga terdaftar dalam peringkat 1 untuk Billboard 200 selama 11 minggu tidak berurutan dan juga peringkat 1 untuk Billboard Hot Country Albums untuk 35 minggu tidak berurutan. Empat singel dirilis sebagai singel promosi dari Fearless, dan keempatnya mendapatkan sambutan yang sangat meriah. Singel tersebut adalah "Change", "Fearless", "You're Not Sorry", dan "You Belong with Me", yang langsung masuk ke peringkat 10, 9, 11, dan 12, berurutan. Swift adalah artis pertama yang mampu melakukan hal ini.Singel yang pertama dirilis adalah "Love Story", dengan gaya a la zaman dahulu, lagu ini menjadi lagu internasional Swift yang pertama. Berhasil meraih peringkat di Top 10 di lebih dari 20 negara didunia, termasuk juga Top 5 dibeberapa negara, termasuk peringkat 4 di Billboard Hot 100 dan peringkat 1 di Billboard Hot Country Song untuk 2 minggu. "White Horse" ditunjuk sebagai singel kedua yang dirilis, singel ballad ini berhasil menduduki posisi 13 di Billboard Hot 100, dan posisi 2 di Billboard Hot Country Song. Singel ini berhasil meraih dua Grammy Award sekaligus untuk Best Country Song dan Best Female Country Vocal Performance.
Singel ketiga dari Fearless adalah "You Belong with Me", yang dirilis sebagai singel asli dan berhasil meraih posisi 2 di Billboard Hot 100 serta posisi 1 untuk dua minggu di Billboard Hot Country Song. Lagu ini dinominasikan untuk 3 Grammy Award sekaligus, Record of the Year, Song of the Year, dan Best Female Pop Vocal Performance, sayangnya, semua gagal dimenangkan. Lalu "Fifteen" dirilis menjadi singel keempat, dan "Fearless" dirilis kembali menjadi singel asli kelima. Selain itu, Fearless pun diumumkan sebagai Billboard's Top Selling Albumof 2009, menandakan sebagai album terlaris pada tahun 2009 dengan penjualan 3,2 juta kopi.
Pada tanggal 13 September 2009, tepatnya acara MTV Video Music Awards digelar. Swift berhasil memenangkan sebuah piala untuk Best Female Video untuk videonya "You Belong with Me". Namun, saat sedang berpidato untuk kemenangannya, rapper Kanye West dengan santai maju kepanggung dan merebut mikrofon yang dipegang Swift, dan menyatakan bahwa video dari Beyonce yang berjudul "Single Ladies" lah yang harusnya menang, bukan video Swift. Kanye West lalu diusir dari acara, dan saat Beyonce memenangkan Video of the Year, penghargaan tertinggi malam itu, ia mengundang Swift untuk kembali maju dan menyelesaikan pidatonya. Swift setuju dan ia menyelesaikan pidatonya malam itu. Insiden ini menyedot perhatian banyak artis, termasuk para nominator Best Female Video lainnya, seperti Pink, Katy Perry, Lady Gaga, serta Kelly Clarkson, yang kompak setuju bahwa video Swift boleh-boleh saja menang. Artis dan banyak orang penting lainnya pun menilai tindakan Kanye West sangat negatif, dan tidak pantas. Kanye West akhirnya meminta maaf pada Swift, dan Swift menerimanya.
2010-sekarang: Debut film dan Speak Now
Pada Februari 2010, ia mendapatkan 8 nominasi Grammy Awards dan mendapatkan 4 diantaranya, antara lain Album of the Year dan Best Country Album untuk Fearless, serta Best Female Country Vocal Performance dan Best Country Song untuk "White Horse". Ia juga dinominasikan sebagai Best New Artist tahun 2008 lalu (lolos pada Amy Winehouse), dan dinominasikan untuk 4 kategori lain, yaitu Record of the Year, Song of the Year, dan Best Female Pop Vocal Performance untuk "You Belong with Me" dan Best Pop Collaborations with Vocal untuk "Breathe", bersama Colbie Caillat.Swift lalu muncul dalam film Valentine's Day, dan menyanyikan lagu utama dalam soundtracknya, yang berjudul "Today Was a Fairytale". Reaksi lagu ini sangat dahsyat, dan dalam seminggu lagu ini telah terjual 325.000 kopi, dan langsung mendapatkan posisi 2 di Billboard Hot 100. Mengalahkan rekor yang sebelumnya dipegang Britney Spears dan lagunya "Womanizer" yang terjual 280.000 kopi pada minggu pertamanya.
Swift merilis album ketiganya bertitel Speak Now pada 25 Oktober 2010. Semenjak dirilis, para kritikus memberikan review yang sangat positif bahkan mendekati sempurna untuk album ini. Melengkapi respon positif dari kritikus, Speak Now berhasil dengan hebatnya menembus angka satu juta kopi dalam minggu pertama, yaitu 1,047,000 hanya pada minggu pertamanya. Swift adalah artis pertama yang mendapatkan satu juta kopi untuk penjualan albumnya diminggu pertama sejak Lil Wayne ditahun 2008, dan juga artis country pertama yang mendapatkan satu juta kopi penjualan albumnya diminggu pertama, sejak Garth Brooks ditahun 1994. Speak Now menjadi rekor sebuah album country dari artis wanita pertama yang menembus lebih dari satu juta kopi diminggu pertamanya, dan kedua keseluruhan, setelah Garth Brooks. Artis wanita beraliran country lainnya yang sempat menduduki rekor ini adalah Shania Twain dengan albumnya Up! ditahun 2002 yang terjual 847,000 kopi diminggu pertamanya.
Diskografi
- Daftar Top 40 Lagu dari Billboard Hot 100. Swift sudah mendapatkan 27 lagu yang terdaftar dalam Top 40 dari majalah musik paling bergengsi Billboard Hot 100, setengahnya merupakan debut yang langsung mencapai posisi itu.
Judul Lagu![]() | Tahun![]() | Album![]() | Posisi di Billboard Hot 100![]() | Posisi di Billboard Hot Country Songs![]() |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| "You Belong with Me" | 2009 | Fearless | 2 | 1 (2 weeks) |
| "Today Was a Fairytale" | 2010 | Valentine's Day Soundtrack | 2 | 41 |
| "Mine" | 2010 | Speak Now | 3 | 2 |
| "Love Story" | 2008 | Fearless | 4 | 1 (2 weeks) |
| "Back to December" | 2010 | Speak Now | 6 | - |
| "Speak Now" | 2010 | Speak Now | 8 | 60 |
| "Sparks Fly" | 2010 | Speak Now | 8 | - |
| "Fearless" | 2008 | Fearless | 9 | 10 |
| "Change" | 2008 | Fearless | 10 | - |
| "You're Not Sorry" | 2008 | Fearless | 10 | - |
| "Jump Then Fall" | 2009 | Fearless (Platinum Edition) | 10 | 46 |
| "Mean" | 2010 | Speak Now | 11 | 55 |
| "Teardrops on My Guitar" | 2008 | Taylor Swift | 13 | 2 |
| "White Horse" | 2009 | Fearless | 13 | 2 |
| "Our Song" | 2008 | Taylor Swift | 16 | 1 (6 weeks) |
| "Crazier" | 2009 | Hannah Montana Soundtrack | 17 | 25 |
| "Two is Better Than One" (feat. Boys Like Girls) | 2009 | Love Drunk | 18 | - |
| "Untouchable" | 2009 | Fearless (Platinum Edition) | 19 | - |
| "The Other Side of the Door" | 2009 | Fearless (Platinum Edition) | 22 | - |
| "Fifteen" | 2009 | Fearless | 23 | 4 |
| "Half of My Heart" (feat. John Mayer)" | 2009 | Battle Studies | 25 | - |
| "SuperStar" | 2009 | Fearless (Platinum Edition) | 26 | - |
| "Innocent" | 2010 | Speak Now | 27 | - |
| "Picture to Burn" | 2008 | Taylor Swift | 28 | 3 |
| "Come in With the Rain" | 2009 | Fearless (Platinum Edition) | 30 | - |
| "Should've Said No" | 2008 | Taylor Swift (Deluxe Edition) | 33 | 1 (2 weeks) |
| "Forever and Always" | 2009 | Fearless | 34 | - |
| "Tim McGraw" | 2007 | Taylor Swift | 40 | 5 |
Grammy Awards
Berikut adalah nominasi-nominasi yang diterima Swift dalam ajang super bergengsi Grammy Awards. Swift sudah mendapatkan 9 nominasi dan memenangkan 4 diantaranya. Nominasi yang dimenangkan ada pada nominasi yang ditebalkan:- 50th Grammy Awards (2008) :
- Best New Artist : Taylor Swift (lolos ke Amy Winehouse)
- 52nd Grammy Awards (2010) :
- Album of the Year - Fearless
- Record of the Year - "You Belong with Me" (lolos ke "Use Somebody" dari Kings of Leon)
- Song of the Year - "You Belong with Me" (lolos ke "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)" dari Beyonce)
- Best Female Pop Vocal Performance - "You Belong with Me (lolos ke "Halo (lagu Beyoncé Knowles)" dari Beyonce)
- Best Pop Collaborations with Vocal - "Breathe" (Bersama Colbie Caillat) (lolos ke "Lucky" dari Jason Mraz dan Colbie Caillat)
- Best Country Album - Fearless
- Best Country Song - "White Horse"
- Best Female Country Vocal Performance - "White Horse"
PAGE 4
Band Profile
Ungu Band Photos

more in Photo Gallery
Seputar Ungu Band
- Dibentuk pada: September 1996
- Aliran musik: pop progresif
- Karya musik: 4 album musik, 3 album mini (religi), 1 album kompilasi [selengkapnya...]
- Label: Trinity Optima Production
- Mantan personil: Ekky (gitaris), Ariyo (vokalis), Pasha Van derr Krabb (drummer)
- Awalnya, semua personil berasal dari band yang berbeda
- Makki merupakan satu-satunya personil awal yang masih aktif sampai sekarang
- Alasan nama Ungu: simpel tapi berkesan megah, gabungan dari beberapa warna
- Cliquers adalah sebutan untuk para fans Ungu
- Buku biografi Ungu Band berjudul "Ungu Book Magazine" (10 Mei 2007)
Links
- Website resmi Ungu Band: http://www.unguband.com/
- Ungu Band di Friendster: http://profiles.friendster.com/unguband2008
- Ungu Band di MySpace: http://www.myspace.com/ungumusic
- Ungu Band di Wikipedia: http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ungu_(grup_musik)
- Ungu Band di Blogsome: http://unguband.blogsome.com/
- Sepenggal kisah tentang perjalanan Ungu Band, berjudul "Panggung Roller Coaster Ungu"
PAGE 3
Ngoro Industrial Park is located 45 km south of Surabaya city. Tanjung Perak seaport, Juanda airport and the city can be reached through toll road and province road as well.
Ngoro Industrial Park (NIP) is located at the valley of Mount Penanggungan, Mojokerto Regency, East Java Province.
Developed by PT. Dharmala RSEA Industrial Estate, a join venture between PT Intiland Sejahtera (Intiland Group, Indonesia) and RSEA Engineering Corp. (Taiwan).
The development started in January 1991, covering a total of 440 Ha land, including Export Processing Zone (EPZ).
Investors in NIP
The Investors are from Indonesia, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Switzerland, Taiwan, UK, France, China, Malaysia.
The business lines are Auto parts, Bags (Paper & Plastic), Ceramic Tile, Chemical, Faucets, Food Processing, Hygienic Products, Jewellery, Music Instrument, Tobacco Processing, Wood Working, Wooden Furniture, Sanitary Ware, etc.
INFRASTRUCTURE NIP
The Investors are from Indonesia, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Switzerland, Taiwan, UK, France, China, Malaysia.
The business lines are Auto parts, Bags (Paper & Plastic), Ceramic Tile, Chemical, Faucets, Food Processing, Hygienic Products, Jewellery, Music Instrument, Tobacco Processing, Wood Working, Wooden Furniture, Sanitary Ware, etc.
- Main Road : 2 x 16 m
- Secondary road : 10 m
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- Power supply provided by PT. PLN (state-owned company)
- Alternative power supply by independent supplier (contract based)
- Total solution for telecommunication system provided by PT. Telkom (state-owned company)
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- Natural gas provided by PT. PGN (state-owned company)
- Water supply provided by PT. Dharmala-RSEA Industrial Estate
- Central Waste Water Treatment
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![]() |
The Facilities
Mosque
Clinic
Canteen
Business and Commercial
Facilities Nearby
Our group of companies (Intiland Group) provides all your needs for Residential, Office space, and Out of Office hour activities in Surabaya.
Enjoy the Green and Fresh atmosphere in Trawas Hotel and Villas after hard days working is also an alternative.
Industrial Land
Mosque
Clinic
Canteen
Outdoor Sports![]() | Weightbridge![]() | |
Security![]() | Fire Fighter |
Business and Commercial
- Bank
- Meeting Room
| Shop Houses ![]() | Guest House![]() |
Facilities Nearby
Our group of companies (Intiland Group) provides all your needs for Residential, Office space, and Out of Office hour activities in Surabaya.
Enjoy the Green and Fresh atmosphere in Trawas Hotel and Villas after hard days working is also an alternative.
- Industrial Land, minimum 5,000 sqm
- Export Processing Zone (EPZ)
| | |
- Available from 966 m2 of warehouse building.
- Custom-built factory building or warehouse can be built to suit the investor requirement.
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- Available warehouse :
Factory area : 966m2 (23 m x 42 m)
- Available Standard Factory Building (SFB) :
Factory Area : 19490 m2
Office Area : 329 m2
Block H-2
Factory Area : 1.185 m2
Office Area : 368 m2
PAGE 2
Jajanan Khas Mojokerto, ya Onde - Onde
Kebanyakan orang sering menanyakan tentang khas mojokerto yaitu onde-onde.
Mungkin mereka tahu dari sejarah bukan dari realita, bisa jadi juga dari sekedar cerita untuk buah bibir etika tegur-sapa. Padahal aku juga bingung, seperti di mojosari-mojokerto sendiri sebenarnya onde-onde juga tidak mudah di dapatkan sewaktu-waktu dan tak pikir sama saja seperti daerah-daerah yang lain yang kalau di pasar mestinya ada Cuma bukan menjadi trend daerah , tapi hanya sekedar komoditi makanan pasar. Jadi, kadang kalau mereka meminta bawa oleh-oleh, saya belikan aja di perjalanan seperti di bis yang kadang juga ada.
Pengalaman, biasanya di sekitar tempatku kalau ada orang lagi punya gawe dan ingin menyajikan hidangan kue onde-onde, tingal pesan ke orang yang terkenal special buat onde-onde, tapi dia bukan pedagang, hanya specialis terima pesanan.
Kabarnya juga di daerah Mojokerto kota ada toko khusus penyedia kue ini, tapi cuma satu. Lantas dimana onde-onde itu..? untuk temen-temen yang tahu lengkap tentang informasinya silahkan kabarkan kepada saya lewat email, comment, atau bersuaralah di shoutbox. Mudah-mudahan bisa bermanfaat bagi yang lain.
Selamat untuk kota mojokerto yang merayakan ulang tahunnya kemarin dengan mengadakan kegiatan festival goreng onde-onde. Memang identitas itu sebenarnya bukan dimiliki kota atau kabupaten tapi oleh seluruh warga. Jadi siapapun yang berjasa terhadap daerah ini, harus kita kasih dukungan. Maju terus kuliner mojokerto.
PAGE 1
Congklak, Traditional Game of Indonesia |
One of the most fascinating things about living in Indonesia is the discovery of bits of Indonesian culture which are actually not Indonesian at all, but originate in other lands. For centuries, the Indonesian archipelago has been visited by traders from many corners of the world who came to buy spices and other agricultural riches. Indonesian cultural diversity benefited by the many peoples who passed through the archipelago, due to Indonesia's location along the primary trade route between Europe and Asia.Together with the items they brought to sell, these traders brought bits of their culture along with them as well. These included religion, language, foods and textile traditions. Less written about than spices, silks and ceramics, however, are the games brought to Indonesia by travelers over the centuries. I've long been fascinated with Congklak, which I had thought of as a traditional Indonesian game since I first played it in Yogyakarta in the late 70s. Much to my surprise, my previously held belief in the Indonesian origins of this game was shattered when I saw a Congklak board in a cultural display organized by the African Women's Group in Jakarta some years ago. Upon seeing the game I said, “Oh, you play Congklak too ...” The women staffing the exhibit said “No, this is Wari, a traditional African game.” Thus, my first inkling of the widespread nature of this game. Origins of CongklakCongklak has its origins in either Africa or the Arab world, depending on which scholar's theory you choose to believe. Some of the oldest evidence was found in National Geographic-sponsored archaeological diggings dating back to 7,000 to 5,000 BC in present-day Jordan. Excavations of a house uncovered a limestone slab with two parallel rows of circular depressions. The layout was easily recognizable to an archaeologist on the dig as the Congklak playing board. Murray, a noted scholar, traced the origins to ancient Egypt's Empire Age (about the 15th to 11th centuries BC). Many experts surmise that Congklak may in fact be the oldest board game ever.The earliest recorded writings describing the game were found in references to mancala in Arab religious texts dating to the Middle Ages. Some scholars believe that the game originated in the Middle East and spread from there to Africa. Then, the game spread to Asia with Arab traders and came to the Caribbean around 1640 via the African slave trade. Other experts place the origins in Central Africa. Today, the game is known by numerous names around the world. The names are taken from the local culture using words that reflect where the game is played, the manner of winning, the mode of play and the board or counters used. It is referred to in English as Count and Capture.In Arab countries, the most common name is mancala (an Arabic word meaning in English “to move”). In some West African countries the depressions in the board are referred to as Warri or Awari, which means houses, thus giving it the name Wari. In Nigeria the game is known as Adi, which is also the name of the seeds used to play the game. Due to its widespread popularity, enthusiasts have developed numerous web sites documenting various versions of the game. For a good link list to many of these sites, see http://www.cs.uu.nl/~hansb/d.gam/mancala.html. Another good web site, http://www.myriad-online.com/en/resources/awalink.htm, lists 279 names of the game found through their research. As you surf through these web sites, it's fascinating to see how each country or culture has its own customs relating to the making of the board, who can play, as well as how and when the game is played. Some sites feature on-line versions of the game as well, if you'd like to play with other enthusiasts around the world. On the topic of online congklak, it has been suggested that congklak inspired games may begin to appear in online casinos, which already offer traditional games such as sic bo and Baccarat. The game is so popular that the British Museum's Museum of Mankind featured an exhibition of mancala, Wari and other Congklak playing boards in 1997. Congklak in IndonesiaEven within Indonesia, Congklak is known by different names from region to region. The most common name, Congklak, is taken from the cowrie shell, which is commonly used to play the game. In Malaysia, the game is known as congkak, a name that is used in many Sumatran provinces as well. In Java, the game is known as Congklak, dakon, dhakon or dhakonan. In Lampung, the game is called, dentuman lamban. In Sulawesi, the game is referred to as Mokaotan, Maggaleceng, Aggalacang and Nogarata.Historical references to Congklak refer to the game played by young girls of Javanese nobility. It is most likely that foreign traders, due to their close contact with the upper classes, introduced Congklak to them. With the passage of time, Congkla' s popularity grew until its now widely played by the common people as well. In most regions, Congklak play is limited to young girls, teens and women in their leisure time and its seen as a 'girl's game'. In only a few regions is Congklak played by men and boys as well. In Sulawesi, historically, the game was reserved for play only during grieving periods, after the death of a loved one. It was considered taboo to play the game at any other time. In Central Java, in pre-historic times, Congklak was used by farmers to calculate the seasons, to know when to plant and harvest, as well as to predict the future. Congklak Playing BoardThe playing board is made from wood, with variations from island to island in the number of holes on each side, either 5, 6, 7 or 9 holes. All the boards have two 'store house' holes, one on each end. The design varies from simple, unadorned woods, to boat-shaped boards, to highly decorated playing boards. In Central Java, elaborate designs utilizing the Javanese naga (dragon) are common. Dragons face out from both ends, with their tails decorating the side of the boards and legs suspending the board up off the floor. Congklak boards can be elaborately carved and painted, with gold and red being popular colors. Most, however, are made of relatively plain wood.As in the archaeological find in Jordan, diggings in Mojokerto, Lamongan and Bondowoso in East Java have unearthed Congklak 'boards' with holes carved into large stones. These were found along with the broken pieces of temple stones and other archaeological remains of earlier times. In Lampung, village children often play without a board, but instead create their own playing area by scooping out holes in the ground and collecting stones or seeds each time they want to play. Playing PiecesNot much has changed since prehistoric times, when Congklak was played with stones or seeds. In Indonesia, stones, seeds and shells are used to play the game, whatever is close at hand. Near a beach shells may be used. Near rivers, the game may be played with smooth pebbles and in agricultural areas, seeds. Commonly used seeds are tamarind, kemiri, sawo and even corn kernels.The widespread popularity of Congklak around the world can undoubtedly be attributed in part to the simplicity of the materials used to play the game. Congklak, in all its variations, continues to attract dedicated players as well as craftsmen, mathematicians, programmers and collectors of regional art and handicrafts. Whatever version you play today, and by whatever name you call it, you'll find Congklak a challenging game of patience and skill. For detailed Instructions on How Congklak is Played in Indonesia Join the Mancala/Congklak/Oware/Omweso/Bao/Dakon/Kala Yahoo Group of enthusiastic players! |
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Geographic-sponsored archaeological diggings dating back to 7,000 to 5,000 BC in present-day Jordan. Excavations of a house uncovered a limestone slab with two parallel rows of circular depressions. The layout was easily recognizable to an archaeologist on the dig as the Congklak playing board. Murray, a noted scholar, traced the origins to ancient Egypt's Empire Age (about the 15th to 11th centuries BC). Many experts surmise that Congklak may in fact be the oldest board game ever.
Today, the game is known by numerous names around the world. The names are taken from the local culture using words that reflect where the game is played, the manner of winning, the mode of play and the board or counters used. It is referred to in English as Count and Capture.
play the game. In Malaysia, the game is known as congkak, a name that is used in many Sumatran provinces as well. In Java, the game is known as Congklak, dakon, dhakon or dhakonan. In Lampung, the game is called, dentuman lamban. In Sulawesi, the game is referred to as Mokaotan, Maggaleceng, Aggalacang and Nogarata.
holes on each side, either 5, 6, 7 or 9 holes. All the boards have two 'store house' holes, one on each end. The design varies from simple, unadorned woods, to boat-shaped boards, to highly decorated playing boards. In Central Java, elaborate designs utilizing the Javanese naga (dragon) are common. Dragons face out from both ends, with their tails decorating the side of the boards and legs suspending the board up off the floor. Congklak boards can be elaborately carved and painted, with gold and red being popular colors. Most, however, are made of relatively plain wood.
at hand. Near a beach shells may be used. Near rivers, the game may be played with smooth pebbles and in agricultural areas, seeds. Commonly used seeds are tamarind, kemiri, sawo and even corn kernels.